{"id":9487,"date":"2024-07-04T22:28:24","date_gmt":"2024-07-05T01:28:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.amesuamente.org.br\/en\/?p=9487"},"modified":"2024-07-04T22:28:24","modified_gmt":"2024-07-05T01:28:24","slug":"bipolar-disorder-understanding-the-disease-its-symptoms-and-treatments","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.amesuamente.org.br\/en\/blog\/bipolar-disorder-understanding-the-disease-its-symptoms-and-treatments\/","title":{"rendered":"Bipolar disorder: understanding the disease, its symptoms and treatments"},"content":{"rendered":"<style><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span>h1.entry-title {display:none;}<\/style>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"showDesktop aligncenter wp-image-9489 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amesuamente.org.br\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/banner-Bipolar-disorder-desktop-desktop.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1428\" height=\"520\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amesuamente.org.br\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/banner-Bipolar-disorder-desktop-desktop.png 1428w, https:\/\/www.amesuamente.org.br\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/banner-Bipolar-disorder-desktop-desktop-1280x466.png 1280w, https:\/\/www.amesuamente.org.br\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/banner-Bipolar-disorder-desktop-desktop-980x357.png 980w, https:\/\/www.amesuamente.org.br\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/banner-Bipolar-disorder-desktop-desktop-480x175.png 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 1428px, 100vw\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"showMobile aligncenter wp-image-9490 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.amesuamente.org.br\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/banner-Bipolar-disorder-desktop-mobile.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"770\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.amesuamente.org.br\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/banner-Bipolar-disorder-desktop-mobile.png 770w, https:\/\/www.amesuamente.org.br\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/banner-Bipolar-disorder-desktop-mobile-480x436.png 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 770px, 100vw\" \/><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c26dab;\"><b>What is bipolar disorder?\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cA person diagnosed with bipolar disorder alternates between states of depression with phases of normal mood and other periods of exacerbated, exalted mood,\u201d points out Rodrigo Bressan, psychiatrist and president of the Instituto Ame Sua Mente.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bipolar disorder is a psychiatric diagnosis that is characterized by mood changes, with phases that last an average of two to three weeks.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c26dab;\"><b>What is its prevalence? How does this disorder impact the population?\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bipolar affects around 140 million people worldwide. Among the diagnosed cases, approximately<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(13)60855-7\/abstract\"><b>80% are due to inheritance<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, with genetic factors as the main cause. In general, symptoms of the disorder appear before the age of 30, mainly between 15 and 25 years of age, but it can also affect older people and children. (ABRATA, Brazilian Association of Family, Friends and People with Affective Disorders \u2013)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c26dab;\"><b>What are the symptoms? What are the associated signs and behaviors?\u00a0<\/b><\/span><b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As we know, bipolar disorder&#8217;s main characteristic is intense mood swings. In the mania phase, the individual experiences intense euphoria, accelerated thinking, extreme agitation, excess energy, disinhibition (such as sexual, excessive spending or engaging in risky activities), thoughts of grandeur and a decreased need for sleep.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hypomania is a milder manifestation of this mental state, with attenuated symptoms. People around them notice that the individual is behaving outside of their usual pattern \u2013 very talkative, aggressive or impatient \u2013 but to a degree that is easier to control, exerting less interference on the daily routine.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another phase faced by people with bipolar disorder is depression. Characterized by periods of deep sadness, negative thoughts, apathy, lack of will and willingness to deal with everyday issues, among other symptoms.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although difficult to distinguish, bipolar depression is different from unipolar depression. Unipolar depression usually <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amesuamente.org.br\/na-midia\/depressao\/\"><b>more<\/b><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">slowly and at long intervals. The depression that occurs in individuals with bipolar disorder appears at shorter intervals, alternating with episodes of mania and hypomania. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis made by a psychiatrist is essential, as the treatments that each condition requires are different.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c26dab;\"><b>What are the phases and types of bipolar disorder?<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to international diagnostic classification manuals (DSM.IV and ICD-10), bipolar disorder can be classified as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c26dab;\"><b>Type I:<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the individual presents with periods of mania, which last at least seven days, accompanied by depressive symptoms, which last for two weeks or more. In both mania and depression, the symptoms are intense and cause major changes in behavior and conduct.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c26dab;\"><b>Type II:<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> episodes of depression and hypomania alternate. This is the most common type.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c26dab;\"><b>Cyclothymic disorder:<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> milder pattern of bipolar disorder, marked by chronic mood swings, which can occur even on the same day. The patient alternates between symptoms of hypomania and mild depression. This condition can cause doubts as to whether it is just the individual&#8217;s own temperament.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c26dab;\"><b>Unspecified bipolar disorder:<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> may arise as a consequence of other illnesses or induced by substance use.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, people with bipolar disorder may experience different symptoms during periods of depression, mania, and hypomania.\u00a0<\/span><b>See below:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c26dab;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><b>Depression<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">changes in appetite with weight loss or gain;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">depressed mood most days;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">fatigue or loss of energy;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">frequent discouragement and crying;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">apathy, loss of interest or pleasure;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">difficulty concentrating or making decisions due to insecurity and fear;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">recurring thoughts of death or suicide;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">agitation or slowness in speech and movements;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">insomnia or hypersomnia (increased sleep);<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">feelings of guilt and worthlessness;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">discouragement and mental fatigue;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tendency toward social isolation;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">anxiety and irritability;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decreased libido;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">inability to feel pleasure in activities that were previously enjoyable.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c26dab;\"><b>Mania and hypomania<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0feeling of extreme well-being;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">accelerated thinking and speech;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">agitation and hyperactivity;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0decreased need for sleep;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">increased energy;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reduction in concentration;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">euphoria or irritability;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">disinhibition;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">impulsiveness;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ideas of grandeur and a sense of power;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">compromised sense of danger.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c26dab;\"><b>What are the risks or consequences? What does bipolar disorder do to the body and mind?<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although it is a brain dysfunction, which causes memory and learning problems, bipolar disorder can sometimes damage the entire body, including inflammation within the organism. \u201cThe nervous system controls our entire endocrinological and immune system. In individuals with bipolar disorder, the brain triggers more inflammatory substances that predispose the individual to the occurrence of illnesses,\u201d warns Bressan.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cIt\u2019s very important to note that, when we talk about inflammation, it\u2019s not like acute inflammation. It&#8217;s something subtle, for example, a very small injury can occur over a long period of time. People with bipolar disorder are also more susceptible to obesity, myocardial infarction and changes in blood pressure,\u201d adds the psychiatrist. Another risk arising from bipolar disorder, when left untreated, is premature aging of the immune system.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Furthermore, this is the mental disorder most associated with suicidal behavior. The estimate is that 30% to 50% of the patients, when not treated properly, attempt to commit suicide.\u00a0(ABTB, Brazilian Association of Bipolar Disorder).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c26dab;\"><b>How to treat bipolar disorder?<\/b><\/span><b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The treatment of bipolar disorder endeavors to find enough stability to prevent new episodes from occurring or make them increasingly mild, with relief in times of depression and less exacerbation in times of euphoria.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is based on medications that act directly on the brain. \u201cIn general, medications known as mood stabilizers are used. Some of them come from anticonvulsants, which treat epilepsy, including lithium. Other prescribed medications alter dopamine levels, antidepressants are only used in very special cases,\u201d says Bressan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Psychotherapy is also part of the treatment, since understanding one&#8217;s own behaviors, through self-knowledge, is essential so that one can identify symptoms of mania or depression crises as soon as they appear, so as to develop greater control over emotions and seek help if needed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c26dab;\"><b>Bipolar disorder and stigma<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding bipolar disorder and many other mental disorders is very important to demystifying and reducing prejudice surrounding the topic. Stigma is one of the main obstacles that prevent people from asking for help and living a quality life.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Access hundreds of free content items on topics related to mental health, in different formats, through our menu<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amesuamente.org.br\/conteudo-geral\/\"><b>at this link<\/b><\/a><b>.<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is bipolar disorder?\u00a0 \u201cA person diagnosed with bipolar disorder alternates between states of depression with phases of normal mood and other periods of exacerbated, exalted mood,\u201d points out Rodrigo Bressan, psychiatrist and president of the Instituto Ame Sua Mente. Bipolar disorder is a psychiatric diagnosis that is characterized by mood changes, with phases that [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9488,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[64,196,69,37,40,197],"tags":[159,234,232,233],"class_list":["post-9487","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ansiedade-blog","category-estresse-blog","category-transtornos-mentais-blog","category-blog","category-ansiedade-conteudo","category-estresse-conteudo-geral","tag-bem-estar","tag-combate-estresse","tag-conexao","tag-natureza"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bipolar disorder: understanding the disease, its 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